Furosemide Hospira may be available in the countries listed below.
Ingredient matches for Furosemide Hospira
Furosemide is reported as an ingredient of Furosemide Hospira in the following countries:
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Furosemide Hospira may be available in the countries listed below.
Furosemide is reported as an ingredient of Furosemide Hospira in the following countries:
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Class: Anticonvulsants, Miscellaneous
Note: This monograph also contains information on Valproate Sodium, Valproic Acid
VA Class: CN105
CAS Number: 1069-66-5
Brands: Depacon, Depakene, Depakote
Special Alerts:
[Posted 06/30/2011] ISSUE: FDA notified healthcare professionals that children born to mothers who take the anti-seizure medication valproate sodium (Depacon) or related products [valproic acid (Depakene and Stavzor) and divalproex sodium (Depakote, Depakote CP, and Depakote ER)] during pregnancy have an increased risk of lower cognitive test scores than children exposed to other anti-seizure medications during pregnancy. This conclusion is based on the results of epidemiologic studies that show that children born to mothers who took valproate sodium or related products throughout their pregnancy tend to score lower on cognitive tests (IQ and other tests) than children born to mothers who took other anti-seizure medications during pregnancy. See the Drug Safety Communication for a data summary and additional information.
BACKGROUND: Valproate products are FDA-approved drugs to treat seizures, and manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar disorder (manic-depressive disorder), and to prevent migraine headaches. They are also used off-label (for unapproved uses) for other conditions, particularly for other psychiatric conditions.
RECOMMENDATION: Healthcare professionals should inform women of childbearing age of the increased risk for adverse effects on cognitive development with prenatal valproate exposure, and should continue to counsel women of childbearing potential taking valproate about the increased risk of major malformations, including neural tube defects, when valproate is used during pregnancy. In addition, healthcare professionals should weigh the benefits and risks of valproate when prescribing this drug to women of childbearing age, particularly when treating a condition not usually associated with permanent injury or death. Alternative medications that have a lower risk of adverse birth outcomes should be considered. Patients should not stop taking valproate without talking to a healthcare professional. For more information visit the FDA website at: and .
Potentially fatal hepatic failure can occur.182 183 184 185
Usually occurs during the initial 6 months of therapy.182 183 184 185
Children <2 years of age are at considerably increased risk of developing fatal hepatotoxicity, especially those receiving multiple anticonvulsants and those with congenital metabolic disorders, severe seizure disorders accompanied by mental retardation, or organic brain disease.182 183 184 185
Use with extreme caution in such children and only as single-agent therapy; weigh carefully benefits versus risks.182 183 184 185
Above this age group, experience in epilepsy indicates that the risk of fatal hepatotoxicity decreases considerably in progressively older patient groups.182 183 184 185
Serious fatal hepatotoxicity may be preceded by symptoms such as malaise, weakness, lethargy, facial edema, anorexia, and vomiting.182 183 184 185
In epileptic patients, loss of seizure control also may precede its development.182 183 184 185
Monitor patients closely for development of any such changes.182 183 184 185
Perform liver function tests prior to and at frequent intervals during therapy, especially during the first 6 months.182 183 184 185 (See Hepatotoxicity under Cautions.)
Can produce teratogenic effects (e.g., neural tube defects such as spinal bifida).182 183 184 185 188 189 190 191 192 193 194
Use in women of childbearing potential requires that potential benefits of therapy be weighed against the risk of fetal injury.182 183 184 185 This is particularly important when contemplating treatment of a spontaneously reversible condition not ordinarily associated with permanent injury or risk of death (e.g., migraine).182 183 184 185 (See Pregnancy under Cautions.)
An information sheet (medication guide) describing the teratogenic potential of valproic acid is available for patients.183 188 (See Advice to Patients.)
Life-threatening pancreatitis has occurred both in children and adults.179 182 183 184 185
Some cases described as hemorrhagic with rapid progression from initial symptoms to death.179 182 183 184 185
Can occur shortly after initial use as well as after several years of use.179 182 183 184 185
Warn patients and caregivers that abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and/or anorexia can be symptoms of pancreatitis that require prompt medical evaluation.179 182 183 184 185
Usually discontinue the drug and initiate alternative therapy if pancreatitis is diagnosed.179 182 183 184 185
Valproic acid (the active moiety), valproate sodium, and divalproex sodium are carboxylic acid-derivative anticonvulsants; also antimanic, other psychotherapeutic, and antimigraine agents.182 183 184 185 b
Pending revision, the material in this section should be considered in light of more recently available information in the MedWatch notification at the beginning of this monograph.
Valproic acid (ionized form: valproate) is the active moiety for valproate sodium and divalproex sodium.b
Alone or with other anticonvulsants (e.g., ethosuximide) as first-line therapy in the prophylactic management of simple and complex absence (petit mal) seizures.b
In conjunction with other anticonvulsants in the management of multiple seizure types that include absence seizures.b
Alone or with other anticonvulsants (e.g., carbamazepine, phenytoin) as first-line therapy in the prophylactic management of complex partial seizures that occur either by themselves or in association with other seizure types.b
First-line therapy for generalized seizures, including primary generalized tonic-clonic†, primary generalized tonic-clonic absence†, myoclonic†, or atonic seizures†, especially when more than one type of generalized seizure is present.b
First-line therapy for the management of simple partial seizures†.b
Has been administered rectally† or by intragastric drip† with some success in the management of status epilepticus† refractory to IV diazepam.b
A parenteral formulation of valproic acid has been studied and has been effective when administered IV† in the management of status epilepticus.b
Alone or as a component of combination therapy (e.g., with lithium, antipsychotic agents [e.g., olanzapine], antidepressants, carbamazepine) for the treatment of acute manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar disorder, with or without psychotic features.182 183 b
American Psychiatric Association (APA) currently recommends combined therapy with valproic acid plus an antipsychotic agent or with lithium plus an antipsychotic agent as first-line drug therapy for the acute treatment of more severe manic or mixed episodes and monotherapy with one of these drugs for less severe episodes.b
Valproic acid or lithium also is recommended for the initial acute treatment of rapid cycling.b
Some clinicians recommend that valproic acid therapy be used in patients with bipolar disorder or schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type, who have responded inadequately to or have been unable to tolerate treatment with lithium salts or other therapy (e.g., carbamazepine), particularly if the patient displays residual manic symptoms, or in the presence of rapid-cycling, dysphoric mania or hypomania, associated neurologic abnormalities, or organic brain disorder.b
Prophylaxis of migraine headache, with or without associated aura.170 b
Because valproic acid poses a hazard to the fetus (see Boxed Warning and also see Pregnancy under Cautions), it should be considered for use in women of childbearing potential only after this risk has been discussed thoroughly with the patient, and weighed against the potential benefits of treatment.182 183 184 185 b Consider alternative therapies in such patients.188
The US Headache Consortium states that valproic acid has medium to high efficacy for the prophylaxis of migraine headache.170 b
Has also been used IV† for the acute management† (i.e., abortive therapy) of migraine headache;157 158 160 161 162 163 164 166 however, role of drug relative to other acute therapies requires further elucidation.156 166 170 172 173
As an adjunct to antipsychotic drugs in the symptomatic management of schizophrenia† in patients who fail to respond sufficiently to an adequate trial of an antipsychotic agent alone.146 147 148
APA146 and some clinicians148 state that anticonvulsant agents such as valproic acid and divalproex sodium may be useful adjuncts in schizophrenic patients with prominent mood lability or in those with agitated, aggressive, hostile, or violent behavior.146 148
APA states that, with the exception of patients with schizophrenia whose illness has strong affective components, monotherapy with valproic acid or divalproex sodium has not been shown to be substantially effective in the long-term treatment of schizophrenia.146
Anticonvulsants, including valproic acid, should not be discontinued abruptly in patients receiving the drug(s) for seizure disorders; withdraw gradually to minimize the potential for increased seizure frequency.182 183 184
Closely monitor patients receiving valproic acid for marked changes in behavior that could indicate emergence or worsening of suicidal thoughts or behavior or depression.176 177 178 180 183 184 (See Suicidality Risk under Cautions.)
Distribute medication guide explaining risks and benefits of therapy to patients receiving valproic acid.188
Valproate sodium can be administered orally or by IV infusion; valproic acid and divalproex sodium are administered orally.182 183 184 185 b
Valproic acid also has been administered rectally† by enema or in wax-based suppositories, but a rectal dosage form is not commercially available in the US.b
Valproic acid, valproate sodium, and divalproex sodium are administered orally.182 183 184 b
Valproic acid capsules should be swallowed whole, not chewed, in order to prevent local irritation to the mouth and throat.184 b If GI irritation occurs, may administer valproic acid with food or gradually increase dosage from an initial low dosage.179 182 183 184 b
Patients unable to tolerate the GI effects of valproic acid or valproate sodium may tolerate divalproex sodium.b
Extended-release tablets of divalproex sodium are administered once daily; advise patients that the tablets must be swallowed intact and not chewed or crushed.127
Do not administer valproate sodium oral solution in carbonated beverages.b
The commercially available capsules containing coated particles of divalproex sodium (Depakote) may be swallowed intact or the entire contents of capsule(s) may be sprinkled on a small amount (about 5 mL) of semisolid food (e.g., applesauce, pudding) immediately prior to administration.b
The mixture containing coated particles from the capsules should not be chewed or stored for future use.b
Although the extent of GI absorption of valproic acid from capsules containing coated particles or delayed-release tablets of divalproex sodium is equivalent, peak and trough plasma concentrations achieved may vary (e.g., higher peak valproic acid concentrations generally are achieved with the delayed-release tablets); increased monitoring of plasma valproic acid concentrations is recommended if one dosage form is substituted for the other.b Divalproex sodium extended-release tablets are not bioequivalent to the delayed-release tablets.127
For solution and drug compatibility information, see Compatibility under Stability.
Valproate sodium injection is intended for IV use only.185 b
For IV use, dilute the appropriate dose of valproate sodium injection with at least 50 mL of a compatible IV solution (e.g., 5% dextrose injection, 0.9% sodium chloride injection, lactated Ringer’s injection).185 b (See Solution Compatibility under Stability.)
Infuse diluted IV solutions over 60 minutes; the manufacturer recommends that the rate not exceed 20 mg/minute.185 b
Rapid IV infusion has been associated with an increased risk of adverse effects.b
Experience from clinical studies of rates >20 mg/minute or infusion periods <60 minutes is limited.b
In a study of the safety of initial 5- to 10-minute IV infusions of valproate sodium (1.5–3 mg/kg per minute of valproic acid), patients generally tolerated such rapid infusions; however, the study was not designed to assess the efficacy of the regimen.185 b
Use of rapid infusions as a parenteral replacement for oral valproic acid has not been established.b
Pending revision, the material in this section should be considered in light of more recently available information in the MedWatch notification at the beginning of this monograph.
Dosage of valproate sodium and divalproex sodium is expressed in terms of valproic acid.b
Must adjust dosage carefully and slowly according to individual requirements and response.b
An anticonvulsant therapeutic range of 50–100 mcg/mL has been suggested; seizure control occasionally may occur with lower or higher concentrations, but >150 mcg/mL usually is toxic.b
For acute manic or mixed episodes in bipolar disorder, usually dosed to clinical response with trough plasma concentrations of 50–125 mcg/mL.182 183
Frequency of adverse effects (particularly elevated liver enzyme concentrations and thrombocytopenia) may be dose related; carefully weigh the benefit of improved therapeutic effect that may accompany higher dosages against the risk of adverse effects.182 183 b (See Thrombocytopenia under Cautions.)
To minimize adverse GI effects, give dosages >250 mg daily in 2 or more divided doses.b
When delayed-release tablets are administered, a twice-daily dosing regimen is suggested whenever feasible and appears to adequately maintain plasma valproic acid concentrations in most patients.b
When extended-release tablets are administered, a once-daily dosing regimen is used.182
If a patient misses a dose of extended-release tablets, take the dose as soon as possible, unless it is almost time for the next dose.127 If the patient skips a dose, do not take a double dose of extended-release tablets to make up for the missed dose.127
When switching to divalproex sodium delayed-release tablets in patients receiving valproic acid, the same daily dose and schedule should be used.b
After stabilization with divalproex sodium therapy, the daily dose may be divided and administered 2 or 3 times daily in selected patients.b
Consider increased risk of fatal hepatotoxicity in children <2 years of age.182 183 184 185 (See Hepatotoxicity in Boxed Warning.)
Neonates: Ability to eliminate valproic acid is markedly reduced.183 (See Neonates under Dosage and Administration.)
Children 3 months to 10 years of age: Consider the possibility that the 50% increased clearance (on a proportionate weight basis) relative to older children and adults may affect dosage.183
Children >10 years of age and adolescents: Pharmacokinetic parameters approximate those of adults.183
Dosages apply to conventional (capsules and solution), delayed-release (tablets), and extended-release (tablets) dosage forms of valproic acid (active moiety), valproate sodium, and divalproex sodium.179 182 183 184 b
Initial dosage: 10–15 mg/kg daily.179 182 183 184 b
Increase valproic acid dosage by 5–10 mg/kg daily at weekly intervals, usually up to the maximum recommended dosage of 60 mg/kg daily, according to response and tolerability.179 182 183 184 b
When used adjunctively, may continue concurrent anticonvulsant therapy, adjusting dosages according to response and tolerability.182 183 184 (See Interactions.)
Alternatively, may attempt to decrease dosage of the current anticonvulsant by 25% every 2 weeks, either starting concomitantly with initiation of valproic acid therapy or delayed by 1–2 weeks if there is a concern that seizures are likely to occur with a reduction.b
Speed and duration of withdrawal of the current anticonvulsant can be highly variable; monitor patients closely during this period for increased seizure frequency.b
When converting a patient from a current anticonvulsant to valproic acid therapy for the treatment of complex partial seizures, valproic acid therapy should be initiated at usual starting dosages.b
IV therapy may be employed in patients in whom oral therapy temporarily is not feasible, but therapy should be switched to oral administration as soon as clinically possible.185 b
IV administration can be used for monotherapy or as adjunctive therapy in the management of seizure disorders.185 b
The usual total daily dosages are equivalent for IV or oral administration, and the doses and frequency of administration employed with oral therapy in seizure disorders are expected to be the same with IV therapy, although plasma concentration monitoring and dosage adjustment may be necessary.185 b
Daily dosages >250 mg should be administered in divided doses.185
Use of IV therapy for >14 days not established.185 b
Use of IV valproate sodium for initial monotherapy has not been systematically studied; however, usual dosages and titration employed with oral therapy can be employed with parenteral therapy.185 b
Monitor patients receiving dosages near the usual maximum recommended dosage of 60 mg/kg daily closely, particularly when enzyme-inducing drugs are not used concomitantly.b
Dosages apply to conventional (capsules and solution), delayed-release (tablets), and extended-release (tablets) dosage forms of valproic acid (active moiety), valproate sodium, and divalproex sodium.179 182 183 184 b
Initial dosage: 15 mg/kg daily.179 182 183 184 b
Increase dosage by 5–10 mg/kg daily at weekly intervals, usually up to the maximum recommended dosage of 60 mg/kg daily according to response and tolerability.179 182 183 184 b
IV therapy may be employed in patients in whom oral therapy temporarily is not feasible, but therapy should be switched to oral administration as soon as clinically possible.185 b
The usual total daily dosages are equivalent for IV or oral administration, and the doses and frequency of administration employed with oral therapy in seizure disorders are expected to be the same with IV therapy, although plasma concentration monitoring and dosage adjustment may be necessary.185 b
Daily dosages >250 mg should be administered in divided doses.185
Use of IV therapy for >14 days has not been studied to date.185 b
Use of IV valproate sodium for initial monotherapy has not been systematically studied; however, usual dosages and titration employed with oral therapy can be employed with parenteral therapy.185 b
Monitor patients receiving dosages near the usual maximum recommended dosage of 60 mg/kg daily closely, particularly when enzyme-inducing drugs are not used concomitantly.185 b
Dosages apply to conventional (capsules and solution), delayed-release (tablets), and extended-release (tablets) dosage forms of valproic acid (active moiety), valproate sodium, and divalproex sodium.182 183 184 b
Initial dosage: 10–15 mg/kg daily.183 184 b
Increase dosage by 5–10 mg/kg daily at weekly intervals until seizures are controlled or adverse effects prevent further dosage increases, usually up to 60 mg/kg daily according to response and tolerability.b
When used adjunctively, may continue concurrent anticonvulsant therapy, adjusting dosages according to response and tolerability.182 183 184 (See Interactions.)
Alternatively, may attempt to decrease dosage of the current anticonvulsant by 25% every 2 weeks, either starting concomitantly with initiation of valproic acid therapy or delayed by 1–2 weeks if there is a concern that seizures are likely to occur with a reduction.b
Speed and duration of withdrawal of the current anticonvulsant can be highly variable; monitor patients closely during this period for increased seizure frequency.b
IV therapy may be employed in patients in whom oral therapy temporarily is not feasible, but therapy should be switched to oral administration as soon as clinically possible.185 b
IV administration can be used for monotherapy or as adjunctive therapy in the management of seizure disorders.b
The usual total daily dosages are equivalent for IV or oral administration, and the doses and frequency of administration employed with oral therapy in seizure disorders are expected to be the same with IV therapy, although plasma concentration monitoring and dosage adjustment may be necessary.185 b
Daily dosages >250 mg should be administered in divided doses.185
Use of IV therapy for >14 days not established.185 b
Use of IV valproate sodium for initial monotherapy has not been systematically studied; however, usual dosages and titration employed with oral therapy can be employed with parenteral therapy.b
Monitor patients receiving dosages near the usual maximum recommended dosage of 60 mg/kg daily closely, particularly when enzyme-inducing drugs are not used concomitantly.b
Dosages apply to conventional (capsules and solution), delayed-release (tablets), and extended-release (tablets) dosage forms of valproic acid (active moiety), valproate sodium, and divalproex sodium.182 183 184 b
Initial dosage: 15 mg/kg daily.183 184 b
Increase dosage by 5–10 mg/kg daily at weekly intervals, usually up to 60 mg/kg daily according to response and tolerability.183 184 b
IV therapy may be employed in patients in whom oral therapy temporarily is not feasible, but therapy should be switched to oral administration as soon as clinically possible.185 b
The usual total daily dosages are equivalent for IV or oral administration, and the doses and frequency of administration employed with oral therapy in seizure disorders are expected to be the same with IV therapy, although plasma concentration monitoring and dosage adjustment may be necessary.185 b
Daily dosages >250 mg should be administered in divided doses.185
Use of IV therapy for >14 days not established.185 b
Use of IV valproate sodium for initial monotherapy has not been systematically studied; however, usual dosages and titration employed with oral therapy can be employed with parenteral therapy.b
Monitor patients receiving dosages near the usual maximum recommended dosage of 60 mg/kg daily closely, particularly when enzyme-inducing drugs are not used concomitantly.b
When converting a patient whose seizure disorder is controlled with delayed-release tablets (Depakote) to the extended-release tablets (Depakote ER), give the drug once daily using a total daily dose that is 8–20% higher than the corresponding delayed-release dosage that the patient was receiving.182 b
For patients whose delayed-release daily dosage cannot be directly converted to a corresponding commercially available extended-release dosage, consider increasing the delayed-release total daily dosage to the next higher dosage before converting to the appropriate extended-release total daily dosage at the clinician's discretion.182 b
400–600 mg of valproic acid has been administered by enema or in wax-based suppositories at 6-hour intervals.b
Initially, 750 mg daily in divided doses as delayed-release tablets (Depakote) or 25 mg/kg once daily as extended-release tablets (Depakote ER) for acute episodes.182 183 b
For acute episodes, increase dosage as quickly as possible to achieve the lowest therapeutic dosage producing the desired clinical effect or desired plasma concentration; however, the manufacturers recommend that the dosage not exceed 60 mg/kg daily.182 183 b
Usually dosed to clinical response with trough plasma concentrations of 50–125 mcg/mL.182 183
Efficacy beyond 3 weeks not systematically evaluated; if continued, periodically reevaluate long-term usefulness and risk for the individual patient.182 183
Safety for longer-term antimanic therapy is supported by data from record reviews involving approximately 360 patients treated for >3 months.b
Dosing guidelines for maintenance therapy† are less evidence-based than those for acute therapy, and dosages lower than those employed for acute therapy occasionally have been used.b
Initially, 250 mg twice daily as delayed-release tablets (Depakote)183 or 500 mg once daily as extended-release tablets (Depakote ER).182
Maintenance: After 1 week at the initial dosage of extended-release tablets, may increase dosage to 1 g daily.182 May increase dosage of delayed-release tablets up to 1 g daily.183 No evidence of additional benefit with higher dosages.183 b
If a patient requires smaller dosage adjustment than that available using the extended-release tablets, use the delayed-release tablets instead.182
In general, for adjunctive therapy, administer in the same dosages, and with the same resulting therapeutic plasma concentrations, as those for the management of seizure disorders.146 147 148
Usual maximum recommended dosage is 60 mg/kg daily;182 183 b if therapeutic response not achieved, monitor plasma concentrations.182 183
Usual maximum recommended dosage is 60 mg/kg daily;182 183 b if therapeutic response not achieved, monitor plasma concentrations.182 183
Maximum recommended dosage is 60 mg/kg daily.182 183 b
Maximum recommended dosage is 1 g daily.182 183 b
Decreased clearance.183 185
Because of substantially decreased protein binding, monitoring total (bound + unbound) drug concentrations may be misleading.183 185
Should not be used in patients with hepatic disease or significant hepatic dysfunction.182 183 184 185 (See Contraindications under Cautions.)
Slightly decreased (by 27%) clearance of unbound (active) drug in patients with renal failure.183 184 Hemodialysis usually reduces valproic acid concentrations by about 20%.183 184
Dosage adjustment does not appear necessary.183 184
Because of substantially decreased protein binding, monitoring total (bound + unbound) drug concentrations may be misleading.183 184
Markedly decreased ability to eliminate the drug in patients ≤2 months of age.183
Consider increased risk of fatal hepatotoxicity in children <2 years of age.182 183 (See Hepatotoxicity in Boxed Warning.)
Starting dosage should be reduced because of a decrease in clearance of unbound valproic acid; subsequent dosage should be increased more slowly in geriatric patients.182 183 184 185
Consider dosage reduction or discontinuance in geriatric patients with reduced food or fluid intake and in those with excessive somnolence.182 183 184 185 (See Somnolence in Geriatric Patients under Cautions and also see Geriatric Use under Cautions.)
Determine ultimate therapeutic dosage on the basis of tolerability and clinical response.b
No dosage adjustment necessary based solely on gender.183
Potential effects not studied.183
Should not be administered to patients with hepatic disease or significant hepatic dysfunction.182 183 184 185
Known hypersensitivity to valproic acid, valproate sodium, divalproex sodium, or any ingredient in the respective formulation.182 183 184 185 b
Known urea cycle disorders.182 183 184 185 (See Urea Cycle Disorders [UCD] under Cautions.)
Pending revision, the material in this section should be considered in light of more recently available information in the MedWatch notification at the beginning of this monograph.
May cause serious and potentially fatal hepatotoxicity.182 183 184 185 (See Hepatotoxicity in Boxed Warning.)
Children and patients receiving multiple anticonvulsants or those with congenital metabolic disorders, severe seizure disorders accompanied by mental retardation, or organic brain disease may be at particular risk of hepatotoxicity.182 183 184 185
Immediately discontinue valproic acid if significant hepatic dysfunction, suspected or apparent, is present.182 183 184 185 In some cases, hepatic dysfunction has progressed despite discontinuance of the drug.182 183 184 185
May cause life-threatening pancreatitis.182 183 184 185 (See Pancreatitis in Boxed Warning.)
Potentially fatal hyperammonemic encephalopathy can occur following initiation of therapy in patients with UCD, a group of uncommon genetic abnormalities, particularly ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency.182 183 184 185 (See Contraindications under Cautions.)
Plasma ammonia concentrations not systematically studied following IV administration; however, hyperammonemia with encephalopathy reported in at least 2 patients who received IV infusions of valproate sodium.185
Advise patients to contact a clinician promptly if symptoms of this disorder (e.g., lethargy, vomiting, changes in mental status) develop.182 183 184 185
If such symptoms are present, determine plasma ammonia concentrations, and, if increased, discontinue therapy.182 183 184 185
Initiate appropriate treatment for hyperammonemia and evaluate the patient for an underlying UCD.182 183 184 185
Prior to the initiation of therapy, consider evaluating for UCD in patients with: a history of unexplained encephalopathy or coma, encephalopathy associated with a protein load, pregnancy-related or postpartum encephalopathy, unexplained mental retardation, or history of elevated plasma ammonia or glutamine concentrations; patients with cyclical vomiting and lethargy, episodic extreme irritability, ataxia, low BUN concentration, or protein avoidance; patients with a family history of UCD or unexplained infant deaths (particularly males); or those with other signs or symptoms of UCD.182 183 184 185
Asymptomatic elevation of ammonia concentrations is more common than symptomatic hyperammonemia.182 183 184 185 In patients with asymptomatic elevations, closely monitor plasma ammonia concentrations and, if elevations persist, consider discontinuance of the drug.182 183 184 185
Pending revision, the material in this section should be considered in light of more recently available information in the MedWatch notification at the beginning of this monograph.
Can produce teratogenic effects (e.g., neural tube defects such as spinal bifida).182 183 184 185
APC-Loratadine may be available in the countries listed below.
Loratadine is reported as an ingredient of APC-Loratadine in the following countries:
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Antihistamin NF may be available in the countries listed below.
Chlorphenamine is reported as an ingredient of Antihistamin NF in the following countries:
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Teturam may be available in the countries listed below.
Disulfiram is reported as an ingredient of Teturam in the following countries:
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Resopan may be available in the countries listed below.
Scopolamine is reported as an ingredient of Resopan in the following countries:
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Alprostadil Pharmacia may be available in the countries listed below.
Alprostadil is reported as an ingredient of Alprostadil Pharmacia in the following countries:
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Pred Mild is a brand name of prednisolone ophthalmic, approved by the FDA in the following formulation(s):
No. There is currently no therapeutically equivalent version of Pred Mild available.
Note: Fraudulent online pharmacies may attempt to sell an illegal generic version of Pred Mild. These medications may be counterfeit and potentially unsafe. If you purchase medications online, be sure you are buying from a reputable and valid online pharmacy. Ask your health care provider for advice if you are unsure about the online purchase of any medication.
See also: About generic drugs.
There are no current U.S. patents associated with Pred Mild.
Ambroxol Stada may be available in the countries listed below.
Ambroxol hydrochloride (a derivative of Ambroxol) is reported as an ingredient of Ambroxol Stada in the following countries:
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Stogar may be available in the countries listed below.
Lafutidine is reported as an ingredient of Stogar in the following countries:
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Loratadina Genfar may be available in the countries listed below.
Loratadine is reported as an ingredient of Loratadina Genfar in the following countries:
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Eritromicina Atlas may be available in the countries listed below.
Erythromycin lactobionate (a derivative of Erythromycin) is reported as an ingredient of Eritromicina Atlas in the following countries:
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