Sunday, 6 May 2012

Iletin Lente


Generic Name: insulin zinc (IN suh lin ZINK)

Brand Names: Humulin L, Iletin Lente, Insulin Lente Pork, Novolin L


What is Iletin Lente (insulin zinc)?

Insulin is a hormone naturally produced by the pancreas. Insulin enables the body to use the sugar in food as a source of energy. When the body does not produce enough insulin, or when the insulin produced by the body is not effective enough, the condition is called diabetes mellitus. This condition allows sugar levels in the blood to become very high. Diabetics must use man-made insulin or insulin that comes from pigs (which is very similar to human insulin) to lower these high blood sugar levels.


Insulin zinc is used is used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.


Insulin zinc may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.


What is the most important information I should know about Iletin Lente (insulin zinc)?


Know the signs and symptoms of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), which include shaking; nausea; headache; drowsiness; weakness; dizziness; fast heartbeat; sweating; pale, cool skin; anxiety; and difficulty concentrating. Carry a piece of candy or glucose tablets with you to treat episodes of low blood sugar.


Follow any diet and exercise plan that you have developed with your doctor or nurse. Changes in what you eat or how much you exercise can change the amount of insulin that you need to control your blood sugar levels.


Ask your doctor or nurse what to do if you are sick with a cold, flu, or fever. These illnesses may change your insulin requirements.


Do not change the brand of insulin zinc or syringe that you are using without first talking to your doctor or pharmacist. Some brands of insulin and syringes are interchangeable, while others are not. Your doctor and/or pharmacist know which brands can be substituted for one another.


What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before using Iletin Lente (insulin zinc)?


Do not use insulin zinc if you are allergic to insulin or if you have intolerance to a certain insulin zinc product.


Before using insulin, tell your doctor if you have any other medical conditions or if you take other prescription or over-the-counter medications, including vitamins, minerals, and herbal supplements.


Before using insulin zinc, tell your doctor if you have kidney or liver disease. You may require a dosage adjustment or special monitoring during treatment.

Most insulins can be used during pregnancy and breast-feeding. They are not expected to be harmful to an unborn baby. It is very important to control blood sugar levels during pregnancy and breast-feeding and insulin is often chosen as the treatment. Some types of insulin may be better than others for use during pregnancy and breast-feeding. Talk to your doctor about the use of insulin during pregnancy and breast-feeding.


How should I use Iletin Lente (insulin zinc)?


Use insulin zinc exactly as directed by your doctor. If you do not understand these instructions, ask your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist to explain them to you.


If insulin zinc has been stored in the refrigerator, it can be warmed to room temperature before use. Also, roll it slightly between your hands to be sure that it is mixed. Never shake an insulin zinc suspension vigorously.


If you are mixing different types of insulins in the same syringe, follow your doctor's directions and always draw up the different insulins in the same order (usually the clear insulin first). This may help prevent a dosage error. Do not mix different insulins in the same syringe unless specifically directed to do so by your doctor. Some types of insulins should not be mixed.


Do not use any insulin that is discolored, looks thick, has particles in it, or looks different from previous bottles, cartridges, or pens of insulin zinc.

Change injection sites as directed by your doctor. Usually, you should not inject within 1 inch of the same site within 1 month.


Never reuse a needle or syringe. Dispose of all needles and syringes in an appropriate, puncture-resistant disposal container.


Do not change the insulin strength (e.g., U-100) or insulin type (e.g., zinc, regular, lispro, etc.) unless your doctor recommends a change for you.


Do not change the brand of insulin zinc or syringe that you are using without first talking to your doctor or pharmacist. Some brands of insulin zinc and syringes are interchangeable, while others are not. Your doctor and/or pharmacist know which brands can be substituted for one another.


Follow any diet and exercise plan that you have developed with your doctor or nurse. Changes in what you eat or how much you exercise can change the amount of insulin that you need to control your blood sugar levels.


Ask your doctor or nurse what to do if you are sick with a cold, flu, or fever. These illnesses may change your insulin requirements.


Your healthcare provider may recommend regular monitoring of blood sugar levels with blood or urine tests.


Wear some type of medical identification bracelet, necklace, or other alert tag to inform others that you have diabetes and that you require insulin in the case of an emergency.


Proper foot care, eye care, dental care, and overall proper health care are important for people with diabetes. Visit your doctor, dentist, eye doctor, and other heath care practitioners as recommended by your doctor.


Store unopened vials of insulin zinc the refrigerator between 36 and 46 degrees Fahrenheit (2 and 8 degrees Celsius), in the original carton. Do not store insulin zinc in the freezer and do not allow it to freeze. Do not use insulin zinc if it has been frozen. Throw away any expired insulin zinc. Vials of insulin zinc can be kept unrefrigerated for up to 28 days, but should not be exposed to excessive heat or sunlight.

Once punctured, the insulin vial in use, whether stored in the refrigerator or at room temperature, must be used within 28 days. Throw away any unused insulin 28 days after the vial is first punctured.


What happens if I miss a dose?


Follow your doctor's directions if you miss a dose of insulin. To prevent missed doses, be sure to always have enough insulin on hand, especially if you are going on vacation.


What happens if I overdose?


Seek emergency medical attention if an overdose is suspected.

Symptoms of an insulin overdose reflect very low blood sugar levels and include headache, irregular heartbeat, increased heart rate or pulse, sweating, tremor, nausea, increased hunger, and anxiety.


What should I avoid while using Iletin Lente (insulin zinc)?


Do not use alcohol without first talking to your doctor. It lowers blood sugar, and you may experience dangerously low blood sugar levels.

Follow any diet and exercise plan that you have developed with your doctor or nurse. Changes in what you eat or how much you exercise can change the amount of insulin you need to control your blood sugar levels.


Iletin Lente (insulin zinc) side effects


Rarely, people have allergic reactions to insulin. Seek emergency medical attention if you experience an allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of the throat; swelling of the lips, tongue, or face; or hives).

The side effects of insulin therapy result mostly from blood sugar levels that are either too high or too low. You should be familiar with the symptoms of both high and low blood sugar levels and know how to treat both conditions. Also, be sure your family and close friends know how to help you in an emergency.


Low blood sugar may occur when too much insulin is used; when meals are missed or delayed; if you exercise more than usual; during illness, especially with vomiting or diarrhea; if you take other medications; after drinking alcohol; and in other situations.


Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, has the following symptoms: shaking; nausea; headache; drowsiness; weakness; dizziness; fast heartbeat; sweating; pale, cool skin; anxiety; and difficulty concentrating.


Keep sugary candy, fruit juice, or glucose tablets on hand to treat episodes of low blood sugar.


Increased blood sugar may occur if not enough insulin is used, if you eat significantly more food then usual, if you exercise less than usual, if you take other medications, if you have a fever or other illness, and in other situations.


Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar, has the following symptoms: increased thirst, increased hunger, and increased urination.


Monitor your blood sugar levels and ask your doctor how to adjust your insulin doses if your blood sugar levels are too high.


Side effects may also occur at the site of injection. If the area becomes thickened, hard, or pitted, talk to your doctor before injecting at that site again.


Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome.


What other drugs will affect Iletin Lente (insulin zinc)?


Many drugs can interact with insulin or affect blood sugar levels. Do not take any other prescription or over-the-counter medicines, including vitamins, minerals, and herbal products, without first talking to your doctor or pharmacist during treatment with insulin.

More Iletin Lente resources


  • Iletin Lente Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Iletin Lente Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Iletin Lente Drug Interactions
  • Iletin Lente Support Group
  • 1 Review for Iletin Lente - Add your own review/rating


  • Humulin L Prescribing Information (FDA)



Compare Iletin Lente with other medications


  • Diabetes, Type 1
  • Diabetes, Type 2
  • Gestational Diabetes


Where can I get more information?


  • Your pharmacist has additional information about insulin zinc written for health professionals that you may read.

What does my medication look like?


Insulin zinc is available under the brand names Humulin L, Novolin L, Iletin II Lente, and Insulin Lente Pork. The insulin should be a clear, colorless or evenly colored liquid after it is gently rolled or shaken. Do not use it if it appears to be thick, looks sticky, has particles in it, or looks different from previous bottles of insulin that you have had. Always use the same brand unless your doctor approves a change. Ask your pharmacist, nurse, or doctor any questions you have about this medication.



  • Humulin L-10 mL vials




  • Novolin L-10 mL vials




  • Iletin II Lente-10 mL vials




  • Insulin Lente Pork-10 mL vials



See also: Iletin Lente side effects (in more detail)


Saturday, 5 May 2012

Isolyte H





Dosage Form: injection, solution
Isolyte® H in 5% Dextrose

(Multi-Electrolyte Injection)

Isolyte H Description


Each 100 mL of Isolyte® H (Multi-Electrolyte Injection) in 5% Dextrose contains:

Hydrous Dextrose USP 5 g; Sodium Acetate Trihydrate USP 0.22 g

Sodium Chloride USP 0.14 g; Potassium Chloride USP 0.097 g

Magnesium Chloride Hexahydrate USP 0.03 g; Water for Injection USP qs


pH adjusted with Hydrochloric Acid NF

pH: 5.0 (4.0–6.0)   Calories per liter: 170

Calculated Osmolarity: 360 mOsmol/liter, hypertonic


Concentration of Electrolytes (mEq/liter): Sodium 39; Chloride 44

Acetate (CH3COO-) 16; Potassium 13; Magnesium 3


Isolyte® H in 5% Dextrose is sterile, nonpyrogenic, and contains no bacteriostatic or antimicrobial agents or added buffers. This product is intended for intravenous administration.


The formulas of the active ingredients are:




















IngredientsMolecular

Formula
Molecular

Weight
 Sodium Acetate Trihydrate USP CH3COONa•3H2O 136.08
 Sodium Chloride USP NaCl   58.44
 Potassium Chloride USP KCl   74.55
 Magnesium Chloride Hexahydrate USP MgCl2•6H2O 203.30
 Hydrous Dextrose USP  198.17

The EXCEL® Container is Latex-free, PVC-free, and DEHP-free.


The plastic container is made from a multilayered film specifically developed for parenteral drugs. It contains no plasticizers. The solution contact layer is a rubberized copolymer of ethylene and propylene. Solutions in contact with the plastic container may leach out certain chemical components from the plastic in very small amounts; however, biological testing was supportive of the safety of the plastic container materials. The container-solution unit is a closed system and is not dependent upon entry of external air during administration. The container is overwrapped to provide protection from the physical environment and to provide an additional moisture barrier when necessary. Exposure to temperatures above 25°C/77°F during transport and storage will lead to minor losses in moisture content. Higher temperatures lead to greater losses. It is unlikely that these minor losses will lead to clinically significant changes within the expiration period.


Addition of medication should be accomplished using complete aseptic technique.


The closure system has two ports; the one for the administration set has a tamper evident plastic protector and the other is a medication site. Refer to the Directions for Use of the container.



Isolyte H - Clinical Pharmacology


Isolyte® H in 5% Dextrose provides electrolytes and calories, and is a source of water for hydration. It is capable of inducing diuresis depending on the clinical condition of the patient.


Sodium, the major cation of the extracellular fluid, functions primarily in the control of water distribution, fluid balance, and osmotic pressure of body fluids. Sodium is also associated with chloride and bicarbonate in the regulation of the acid-base equilibrium of body fluid.


Potassium, the principal cation of intracellular fluid, participates in carbohydrate utilization and protein synthesis, and is critical in the regulation of nerve conduction and muscle contraction, particularly in the heart.


Chloride, the major extracellular anion, closely follows the metabolism of sodium, and changes in the acid-base balance of the body are reflected by changes in the chloride concentration.


Magnesium, a principal cation of soft tissue, is primarily involved in enzyme activity associated with the metabolism of carbohydrates and protein. Magnesium is also involved in neuromuscular irritability.


Acetate is an organic ion which is a hydrogen ion acceptor and contributes bicarbonate during its metabolism to carbon dioxide and water, and in sufficient quantities may serve as an alkalinizing agent.


Dextrose provides a source of calories. Dextrose is readily metabolized, may decrease losses of body protein and nitrogen, promotes glycogen deposition and decreases or prevents ketosis if sufficient doses are provided.



Indications and Usage for Isolyte H


This solution is indicated for use in adults as a source of electrolytes, calories and water for hydration, and as an alkalinizing agent.



Contraindications


Solutions containing dextrose may be contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to corn products.



Warnings


The administration of intravenous solutions can cause fluid and/or solute overload resulting in dilution of serum electrolyte concentrations, overhydration, congested states or pulmonary edema. The risk of dilutional states is inversely proportional to the electrolyte concentration. The risk of solute overload causing congested states with peripheral and pulmonary edema is directly proportional to the electrolyte concentration.


Solutions containing sodium ions should be used with great care, if at all, in patients with congestive heart failure, severe renal insufficiency, and in clinical states in which there is sodium retention with edema.


Solutions containing potassium ions should be used with great care, if at all, in patients with hyperkalemia, severe renal failure, and in conditions in which potassium retention is present.


In patients with diminished renal function, administration of solutions containing sodium or potassium ions may result in sodium or potassium retention.


Solutions containing acetate should be used with great care in patients with metabolic or respiratory alkalosis. The administration of acetate should be done with great care in those conditions in which there is an increased level or an impaired utilization of acetate, such as severe hepatic insufficiency.



Precautions



General


This solution should be used with care in patients with hypervolemia, renal insufficiency, urinary tract obstruction, impending or frank cardiac decompensation.


Extraordinary electrolyte losses such as may occur during protracted nasogastric suction, vomiting, diarrhea or gastrointestinal fistula drainage may necessitate additional electrolyte supplementation.


Additional essential electrolytes, minerals, and vitamins should be supplied as needed.


Care should be exercised in administering solutions containing sodium or potassium to patients with renal or cardiovascular insufficiency, with or without congestive heart failure, particularly if they are postoperative or elderly.


Potassium therapy should be guided primarily by serial electrocardiograms, especially in patients receiving digitalis. Serum potassium levels are not necessarily indicative of tissue potassium levels.


Solutions containing potassium or magnesium should be used with caution in the presence of cardiac disease, particularly in the presence of renal disease.


Solutions containing acetate should be used with caution. Excess administration may result in metabolic alkalosis.


Solutions containing dextrose should be used with caution in patients with overt or known subclinical diabetes mellitus, or carbohydrate intolerance for any reason.


To minimize the risk of possible incompatibilities arising from mixing this solution with other additives that may be prescribed, the final infusate should be inspected for cloudiness or precipitation immediately after mixing, prior to administration, and periodically during administration.


Do not use plastic container in series connection.


If administration is controlled by a pumping device, care must be taken to discontinue pumping action before the container runs dry or air embolism may result. If administration is not controlled by a pumping device, refrain from applying excessive pressure (>300mmHg) causing distortion to the container such as wringing or twisting. Such handling could result in breakage of the container.


This solution is intended for intravenous administration using sterile equipment.


Use only if solution is clear and container and seals are intact.



Laboratory Tests


Clinical evaluation and periodic laboratory determinations are necessary to monitor changes in fluid balance, electrolyte concentrations, and acid-base balance during prolonged parenteral therapy or whenever the condition of the patient warrants such evaluation. Significant deviations from normal concentrations may require tailoring of the electrolyte pattern, in this or an alternative solution.



Drug Interactions


Sodium-containing solutions should be administered with caution to patients receiving corticosteroids or corticotropin, or to other salt-retaining patients.


Administration of barbiturates, narcotics, hypnotics, or systemic anesthetics should be adjusted with caution in patients also receiving magnesium-containing solutions because of an additive central depressive effect.


Parenteral magnesium should be administered with extreme caution to patients receiving digitalis preparations.



Carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, impairment of fertility


Long term animal studies with Isolyte® H (Multi-Electrolyte Injection) in 5% Dextrose have not been performed to evaluate the carcinogenic potential, mutagenic potential, or effects on fertility.



Pregnancy


Teratogenic Effects

Pregnancy Category C


Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Isolyte® H in 5% Dextrose. It is also not known whether Isolyte® H in 5% Dextrose can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Isolyte® H in 5% Dextrose should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.



Labor and Delivery


As reported in the literature, Dextrose and electrolyte solutions have been administered during labor and delivery. Caution should be exercised, and the fluid balance, glucose and electrolyte concentrations, and acid-base balance, of both mother and fetus should be evaluated periodically or whenever warranted by the condition of the patient or fetus.



Nursing Mothers


Caution should be exercised when Isolyte® H in 5% Dextrose is administered to a nursing woman.



Pediatric Use


Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.



Geriatric Use


In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.


This drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function.


See WARNINGS.



Adverse Reactions


Reactions which may occur because of the solution or the technique of administration include febrile response, infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the site of injection, extravasation and hypervolemia.


Too rapid infusion of hypertonic solutions may cause local pain and venous irritation. Rate of administration should be adjusted according to tolerance. Use of the largest peripheral vein and a small bore needle is recommended.


Symptoms may result from an excess or deficit of one or more of the ions present in the solution; therefore, frequent monitoring of electrolyte levels is essential.


Hypernatremia may be associated with edema and exacerbation of congestive heart failure due to the retention of water, resulting in an expanded extracellular fluid volume.


Reactions reported with the use of potassium-containing solutions include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. The signs and symptoms of potassium intoxication include paresthesias of the extremities, areflexia, muscular or respiratory paralysis, mental confusion, weakness, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, heart block, electrocardiographic abnormalities and cardiac arrest. Potassium deficits result in disruption of neuromuscular function, and intestinal ileus and dilatation.


If infused in large amounts, chloride ions may cause a loss of bicarbonate ions, resulting in an acidifying effect.


Abnormally high plasma levels of magnesium can result in flushing, sweating, hypotension, circulatory collapse, and depression of cardiac and central nervous system function. Respiratory depression is the most immediate threat to life. Magnesium deficits can result in tachycardia, hypertension, hyperirritability and psychotic behavior.


The physician should also be alert to the possibility of adverse reactions to drug additives. Prescribing information for drug additives to be administered in this manner should be consulted.


If an adverse reaction does occur, discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient, institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures and save the remainder of the fluid for examination if deemed necessary.



Overdosage


In the event of a fluid or solute overload during parenteral therapy, reevaluate the patient's condition, and institute appropriate corrective treatment.


In the event of overdosage with potassium-containing solutions, discontinue the infusion immediately and institute corrective therapy to reduce serum potassium levels.


Treatment of hyperkalemia includes the following:


  1. Dextrose Injection USP, 10% or 25% containing 10 units of crystalline insulin per 20 grams of dextrose administered intravenously, 300 to 500 mL per hour.

  2. Absorption and exchange of potassium using sodium or ammonium cycle cation exchange resin, orally and as retention enema.

  3. Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. The use of potassium-containing foods or medications must be eliminated. However, in cases of digitalization, too rapid a lowering of plasma potassium concentration can cause digitalis toxicity.


Isolyte H Dosage and Administration


This solution is for intravenous use only.


Dosage is to be directed by a physician and is dependent upon age, weight, clinical condition of the patient and laboratory determinations. Frequent laboratory determinations and clinical evaluation are essential to monitor changes in blood glucose and electrolyte concentrations, and fluid and electrolyte balance during prolonged parenteral therapy.


When a hypertonic solution is to be administered peripherally, it should be slowly infused through a small bore needle, placed well within the lumen of a large vein to minimize venous irritation. Carefully avoid infiltration.


Fluid administration should be based on calculated maintenance or replacement fluid requirements for each patient.


The presence of magnesium ions in this solution should be considered when phosphate is present in the additive solution, in order to avoid precipitation.


Some additives may be incompatible. Consult with pharmacist. When introducing additives, use aseptic techniques. Mix thoroughly. Do not store.


Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.



Directions for Use of EXCEL® Container


To Open


Tear overwrap down at notch and remove solution container. Check for minute leaks by squeezing solution container firmly. If leaks are found, discard solution as sterility may be impaired. If supplemental medication is desired, follow directions below before preparing for administration.


Before use, perform the following checks:


  •  Inspect each container. Read the label. Ensure solution is the one ordered and is within the expiration date.

  •  Invert container and carefully inspect the solution in good light for cloudiness, haze, or particulate matter. Any container which is suspect should not be used.

  •  Use only if solution is clear and container and seals are intact.

Preparation for Administration


  1. Remove plastic protector from sterile set port at bottom of container.

  2. Attach administration set. Refer to complete directions accompanying set.

To Add Medication Before Solution Administration


  1. Prepare medication site.

  2. Using syringe with 18–22 gauge needle, puncture medication port and inner diaphragm and inject.

  3. Squeeze and tap ports while ports are upright and mix solution and medication thoroughly.

To Add Medication During Solution Administration


  1. Close clamp on the set.

  2. Prepare medication site.

  3. Using syringe with 18–22 gauge needle of appropriate length (at least 5/8 inch), puncture resealable medication port and inner diaphragm and inject.

  4. Remove container from IV pole and/or turn to an upright position.

  5. Evacuate both ports by tapping and squeezing them while container is in the upright position.

  6. Mix solution and medication thoroughly.

  7. Return container to in use position and continue administration.


How is Isolyte H Supplied


Isolyte® H (Multi-Electrolyte Injection) in 5% Dextrose is supplied sterile and nonpyrogenic in 1000 mL EXCEL® Containers packaged 12 per case.











NDCCat. No.Size
 Isolyte® H in 5% Dextrose

(Canada DIN 01931768)
  
 0264-7719-00 L7190 1000 mL

Exposure of pharmaceutical products to heat should be minimized. Avoid excessive heat. Protect from freezing. It is recommended that the product be stored at room temperature (25°C).



Rx only


Revised: December 2009


EXCEL and Isolyte are registered trademarks of B. Braun Medical Inc.


B. Braun Medical Inc.

Irvine, CA  92614-5895 USA

Made in USA


In Canada, distributed by:

B. Braun Medical Inc.

Scarborough, Ontario M1H 2W4


Y36-002-719



PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL 1000 mL


Isolyte® H in 5% Dextrose

(Multi-Electrolyte Injection)


REF L7190

NDC 0264-7719-00

DIN 01931768

HK 22610


1000 mL

EXCEL® CONTAINER


Electrolytes (mEq/liter):


Na+. . . . 39       Mg++ . . . . 3       Acetate . . . . 16

K+ . . . 13          Cl-. . . . . 44


Each 100 mL contains:

Hydrous Dextrose USP 5 g

Sodium Acetate•3H2O USP 0.22 g

Sodium Chloride USP 0.14 g

Potassium Chloride USP 0.097 g

Magnesium Chloride•6H2O USP 0.03 g

Water for Injection USP qs

pH adjusted with HCl NF


pH: 5.0 (4.0-6.0)

Calc. Osmolarity: 360 mOsmol/liter, hypertonic


Sterile, nonpyrogenic. Single dose container.


Do not use in series connection.

For intravenous use only. Use only if solution is

clear and container and seals are intact.


WARNINGS: Some additives may be incompatible.

Consult with pharmacist. When introducing

additives, use aseptic techniques. Mix thoroughly.

Do not store.


Recommended Storage:

Room temperature (25ºC). Avoid excessive heat.

Protect from freezing. See Package Insert.




Rx only


EXCEL and Isolyte are registered

trademarks of B. Braun Medical Inc.

B. Braun Medical Inc.

Irvine, CA 92614-5895 USA

1-800-227-2862
www.bbraun.com

Made in USA


In Canada, distributed by:

B. Braun Medical Inc.

Scarborough, Ontario M1H 2W4


Y94-003-041

LD-147-2


Do not remove overwrap until ready for use. After removing the

overwrap, check for minute leaks by squeezing container firmly.

If leaks are found, discard solution as sterility may be impaired.


EXP

LOT










Isolyte H IN DEXTROSE 
dextrose, sodium acetate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride and magnesium chloride  injection, solution










Product Information
Product TypeHUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUGNDC Product Code (Source)0264-7719
Route of AdministrationINTRAVENOUSDEA Schedule    




















Active Ingredient/Active Moiety
Ingredient NameBasis of StrengthStrength
DEXTROSE (DEXTROSE)DEXTROSE5 g  in 100 mL
SODIUM ACETATE (SODIUM CATION)SODIUM ACETATE0.22 g  in 100 mL
SODIUM CHLORIDE (SODIUM CATION)SODIUM CHLORIDE0.14 g  in 100 mL
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE (POTASSIUM CATION)POTASSIUM CHLORIDE0.097 g  in 100 mL
MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE (MAGNESIUM CATION)MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE0.03 g  in 100 mL








Inactive Ingredients
Ingredient NameStrength
WATER 
HYDROCHLORIC ACID 


















Product Characteristics
Color    Score    
ShapeSize
FlavorImprint Code
Contains      














Packaging
#NDCPackage DescriptionMultilevel Packaging
10264-7719-0012 CONTAINER In 1 CASEcontains a CONTAINER
11000 mL In 1 CONTAINERThis package is contained within the CASE (0264-7719-00)










Marketing Information
Marketing CategoryApplication Number or Monograph CitationMarketing Start DateMarketing End Date
ANDAANDA01984406/10/1993


Labeler - B. Braun Medical Inc. (002397347)
Revised: 06/2011B. Braun Medical Inc.

More Isolyte H resources


  • Isolyte H Drug Interactions
  • Isolyte H Support Group
  • 0 Reviews · Be the first to review/rate this drug

Thursday, 3 May 2012

Galsya XL 8 mg prolonged-release capsules, hard





1. Name Of The Medicinal Product



Galsya® XL 8 mg prolonged-release capsules, hard


2. Qualitative And Quantitative Composition



Each prolonged-release capsule, hard contains 8 mg galantamine (as hydrobromide).



For a full list of excipients, see section 6.1.



3. Pharmaceutical Form



Prolonged-release capsule, hard



White capsules with G8 imprinted on the capsule's cap. Content of capsule is one white oval, prolonged-release tablet core.



4. Clinical Particulars



4.1 Therapeutic Indications



Galsya XL is indicated for the symptomatic treatment of mild to moderately severe dementia of the Alzheimer type.



4.2 Posology And Method Of Administration



Adults/Elderly



Administration



Galsya XL prolonged-release capsules should be administered once daily in the morning, preferably with food. The capsules should be swallowed whole together with some liquid. The capsules must not be chewed or crushed.



For patients with difficulty swallowing: The capsules may be emptied and the tablet core(s) swallowed whole together with some liquid. The capsule contents (tablet cores) must not be chewed or crushed.



Ensure adequate fluid intake during treatment (see section 4.8).



Before start of treatment



The diagnosis of probable Alzheimer type of dementia should be adequately confirmed according to current clinical guidelines (see section 4.4).



Starting dose



The recommended starting dose is 8 mg/day for 4 weeks.



Maintenance dose



• The tolerance and dosing of galantamine should be reassessed on a regular basis, preferably within three months after start of treatment. Thereafter, the clinical benefit of galantamine and the patient's tolerance of treatment should be reassessed on a regular basis according to current clinical guidelines. Maintenance treatment can be continued for as long as therapeutic benefit is favourable and the patient tolerates treatment with galantamine. Discontinuation of galantamine should be considered when evidence of a therapeutic effect is no longer present or if the patient does not tolerate treatment.



• The initial maintenance dose is 16 mg/day and patients should be maintained on 16 mg/day for at least 4 weeks.



• An increase to the maintenance dose of 24 mg/day should be considered on an individual basis after appropriate assessment including evaluation of clinical benefit and tolerability.



• In individual patients not showing an increased response or not tolerating 24 mg/day, a dose reduction to 16 mg/day should be considered.



• There is no rebound effect after abrupt discontinuation of treatment (e.g. in preparation for surgery).



Switching to Galsya XL prolonged-release capsules from galantamine tablets or galantamine oral solution



It is recommended that the same total daily dose of galantamine is administered to patients. Patients switching to the once-daily regimen should take their last dose of galantamine tablets or oral solution in the evening and start Galsya XL prolonged-release capsules once daily the following morning.



Paediatric population



Galantamine is not recommended for use in children and adolescents under 18 years of age due to a lack of data on safety and efficacy.



Hepatic and renal impairment



Galantamine plasma levels may be increased in patients with moderate to severe hepatic or renal impairment. In patients with moderately impaired hepatic function, based on pharmacokinetic modelling, it is recommended that dosing should begin with 8 mg prolonged-release capsule once every other day, preferably taken in the morning, for one week. Thereafter, patients should proceed with 8 mg once daily for four weeks. In these patients, daily doses should not exceed 16 mg. In patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh score greater than 9), the use of galantamine is contraindicated (see section 4.3). No dosage adjustment is required for patients with mild hepatic impairment.



For patients with a creatinine clearance greater than 9 ml/min no dosage adjustment is required. In patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than 9 ml/min), the use of galantamine is contraindicated (see section 4.3).



Concomitant treatment



In patients treated with potent CYP2D6 or CYP3A4 inhibitors, dose reductions can be considered (see section 4.5).



4.3 Contraindications



Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients.



Since no data are available on the use of galantamine in patients with severe hepatic (Child



4.4 Special Warnings And Precautions For Use



Galsya XL is indicated for a patient with mild to moderately severe dementia of the Alzheimer type. The benefit of galantamine in patients with other types of dementia or other types of memory impairment has not been demonstrated. In 2 clinical trials of two years duration in individuals with so called mild cognitive impairment (milder types of memory impairment not fulfilling the criteria of Alzheimer dementia), galantamine therapy failed to demonstrate any benefit either in slowing cognitive decline or reducing the clinical conversion to dementia. The mortality rate in the galantamine group was significantly higher than in the placebo group, 14/1026 (1.4%) patients on galantamine and 3 /1022 (0.3%) patients on placebo. The deaths were due to various causes. About half of the galantamine deaths appeared to result from various vascular causes (myocardial infarction, stroke, and sudden death). The relevance of this finding for the treatment of patients with Alzheimer dementia is unknown. In Alzheimer dementia, placebo-controlled studies of only 6 months duration have been conducted. In these studies no increased mortality in the galantamine groups appeared.



A diagnosis of Alzheimer's dementia should be made according to current guidelines by an experienced physician. Therapy with galantamine should occur under the supervision of a physician and should only be initiated if a caregiver is available who will regularly monitor medicinal product intake by the patient.



Patients with Alzheimer's disease lose weight. Treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors, including galantamine, has been associated with weight loss in these patients. During therapy, patient's weight should be monitored.



As with other cholinomimetics, galantamine should be given with caution in the following conditions:



Cardiac disorders



Because of their pharmacological action, cholinomimetics may have vagotonic effects on heart rate (e.g. bradycardia). The potential for this action may be particularly important to patients with ”sick sinus syndrome” or other supraventricular cardiac conduction disturbances or in those who use medicinal products that significantly reduce heart rate concomitantly, such as digoxin and beta-blockers or for patients with an uncorrected electrolyte disturbance (e.g. hyperkalaemia, hypokalaemia).



Caution should therefore be exercised when administering galantamine to patients with cardiovascular diseases, e.g. immediate post-myocardial infarction period, new-onset atrial fibrillation, second degree heart block or greater, unstable angina pectoris or congestive heart failure, especially NYHA group III – IV.



In a pooled analysis of placebo-controlled studies in patients with Alzheimer dementia treated with galantamine an increased incidence of certain cardiovascular adverse events were observed (see section 4.8).



Gastrointestinal disorders



Patients at increased risk of developing peptic ulcers, e.g. those with a history of ulcer disease or those predisposed to these conditions, including those receiving concurrent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), should be monitored for symptoms. The use of galantamine is not recommended in patients with gastro-intestinal obstruction or recovering from gastro-intestinal surgery.



Nervous system disorders



Although cholinomimetics are believed to have some potential to cause seizures, seizure activity may also be a manifestation of Alzheimer's disease. In rare cases an increase in cholinergic tone may worsen Parkinsonian symptoms.



In a pooled analysis of placebo-controlled studies in patients with Alzheimer's dementia treated with galantamine cerebrovascular events were uncommonly observed (see section 4.8). This should be considered when administering galantamine to patients with cerebrovascular disease.



Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders



Cholinomimetics should be prescribed with care for patients with a history of severe asthma or obstructive pulmonary disease or active pulmonary infections (e.g. pneumonia).



Renal and urinary disorders



The use of galantamine is not recommended in patients with urinary outflow obstruction or recovering from bladder surgery.



Surgical and medical procedures



Galantamine, as a cholinomimetic is likely to exaggerate succinylcholine-type muscle relaxation during anaesthesia, especially in cases of pseudocholinesterase deficiency.



4.5 Interaction With Other Medicinal Products And Other Forms Of Interaction



Pharmacodynamic interactions



Because of its mechanism of action, galantamine should not be given concomitantly with other cholinomimetics (such as ambenonium, donepezil, neostigmine, pyridostigmine, rivastigmine or systemically administered pilocarpine). Galantamine has the potential to antagonise the effect of anticholinergic medication. Should anticholinergic medication such as atropine be abruptly stopped there is a potential risk that galantamine's effect could be exacerbated. As expected with cholinomimetics, a pharmacodynamic interaction is possible with medicinal products that significantly reduce the heart rate such as digoxin, beta-blockers, certain calcium-channel blocking agents and amiodarone. Caution should be taken with medicinal products that have potential to cause torsades de pointes. In such cases an ECG should be considered.



Galantamine, as a cholinomimetic, is likely to exaggerate succinylcholine-type muscle relaxation during anaesthesia, especially in cases of pseudocholinesterase deficiency.



Pharmacokinetic interactions



Multiple metabolic pathways and renal excretion are involved in the elimination of galantamine. The possibility of clinically relevant interactions is low. However, the occurrence of significant interactions may be clinically relevant in individual cases.



Concomitant administration with food slows the absorption rate of galantamine but does not affect the extent of absorption. It is recommended that Galsya XL be taken with food in order to minimise cholinergic side effects.



Other medicinal products affecting the metabolism of galantamine



Formal drug interaction studies showed an increase in galantamine bioavailability of about 40% during co-administration of paroxetine (a potent CYP2D6 inhibitor) and of 30% and 12% during co-treatment with ketoconazole and erythromycin (both CYP3A4 inhibitors). Therefore, during initiation of treatment with potent inhibitors of CYP2D6 (e.g. quinidine, paroxetine or fluoxetine) or CYP3A4 (e.g. ketoconazole or ritonavir) patients may experience an increased incidence of cholinergic adverse reactions, predominantly nausea and vomiting. Under these circumstances, based on tolerability, a reduction of the galantamine maintenance dose can be considered (see section 4.2).



Memantine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, at a dose of 10 mg once a day for 2 days followed by 10 mg twice a day for 12 days, had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of galantamine 16 mg prolonged-release capsules taken once a day at steady state.



Effect of galantamine on the metabolism of other medicinal products



Therapeutic doses of galantamine 24 mg/day had no effect on the kinetics of digoxin, although pharmacodynamic interactions may occur (see also pharmacodynamic interactions).



Therapeutic doses of galantamine 24 mg/day had no effect on the kinetics and prothrombin time of warfarin.



4.6 Pregnancy And Lactation



Pregnancy



For galantamine no clinical data on exposed pregnancies are available. Studies in animals have shown reproductive toxicity (see section 5.3). Caution should be exercised when prescribing to pregnant women.



Lactation



It is not known whether galantamine is excreted in human breast milk and there are no studies in lactating women. Therefore, women on galantamine should not breast-feed.



4.7 Effects On Ability To Drive And Use Machines



Galantamine has minor to moderate influence on the ability to drive and use machines. Symptoms include dizziness and somnolence, especially during the first weeks after initiation of treatment.



4.8 Undesirable Effects



The most commonly reported adverse drug reactions were nausea and vomiting. They occurred mainly during titration periods, lasted less than a week in most cases and the majority of patients had one episode. Prescription of anti-emetics and ensuring adequate fluid intake may be useful in these instances.



In a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, the safety profile of once-daily treatment with galantamine prolonged-release capsules was similar in frequency and nature to that seen with tablets.



Frequency estimate:



- Very common (



- Common (



- Uncommon (



- Rare (



- Very rare (<1/10,000)



- Not known (cannot be estimated from the available data)



Within each frequency grouping, undesirable effects are presented in order of decreasing seriousness.




















































































System organ class




ADR frequency


   


Very common




Common




Uncommon




Rare


 


Metabolism and nutrition disorders



 


Decreased appetite, anorexia




Dehydration



 


Psychiatric disorders



 


Hallucination, depression




Hallucination visual, hallucination auditory



 


Nervous system disorders



 


Syncope, dizziness, tremor, headache, somnolence, lethargy




Paraesthesia, dysguesia, hypersomnia



 


Eye disorders



 

 


Blurred vision



 


Ear and labyrinth disorders



 

 


Tinnitus



 


Cardiac disorders



 


Bradycardia




Supraventricular extrasystoles, atrioventricular block first degree, sinus bradycardia, palpitations



 


Vascular disorders



 


Hypertension,




Hypotension flushing



 


Gastrointestinal disorders




Vomiting. nausea




Abdominal pain, abdominal pain upper, diarrhoea, dyspepsia, stomach discomfort, abdominal discomfort




Retching



 


Hepatobiliary disorders



 

 

 


Hepatitis




Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders



 


Hyperhidrosis



 

 


Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders



 


Muscle spasms




Muscular weakness



 


General disorders and administration site conditions



 


Fatigue, asthenia, malaise



 

 


Investigations



 


Weight decreased




Hepatic enzyme increased



 


Injury, poisoning and procedural complications



 


Fall



 

 


4.9 Overdose



Symptoms



Signs and symptoms of significant overdosing of galantamine are predicted to be similar to those of overdosing of other cholinomimetics. These effects generally involve the central nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system, and the neuromuscular junction. In addition to muscle weakness or fasciculations, some or all of the signs of a cholinergic crisis may develop: severe nausea, vomiting, gastro-intestinal cramping, salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness together with tracheal hypersecretions and bronchospasm, may lead to vital airway compromise.



There have been post-marketing reports of torsade de pointes, QT prolongation, bradycardia ventricular tachycardia and brief loss of consciousness in association with inadvertent overdoses of galantamine. In one case where the dose was known, eight galantamine 4 mg tablets (32 mg total) were ingested on a single day.



Two additional cases of accidental ingestion of 32 mg (nausea, vomiting, and dry mouth; nausea, vomiting, and substernal chest pain) and one of 40 mg (vomiting) resulted in brief hospitalisations for observation with full recovery. One patient, who was prescribed 24 mg/day and had a history of hallucinations over the previous two years, mistakenly received 24 mg twice daily for 34 days and developed hallucinations requiring hospitalisation. Another patient, who was prescribed 16 mg/day of oral solution, inadvertently ingested 160 mg (40 ml) and experienced sweating, vomiting, bradycardia, and near-syncope one hour later, which necessitated hospital treatment. His symptoms resolved within 24 hours.



Treatment



As in any case of overdose, general supportive measures should be used. In severe cases, anticholinergics such as atropine can be used as a general antidote for cholinomimetics. An initial dose of 0.5 to 1.0 mg i.v. is recommended, with subsequent doses based on the clinical response.



Because strategies for the management of overdose are continually evolving, it is advisable to contact a poison control centre to determine the latest recommendations for the management of an overdose.



5. Pharmacological Properties



5.1 Pharmacodynamic Properties



Pharmacotherapeutic group: psychoanaleptics, anti-dementia drugs, ATC code: N06DA04.



Galantamine, a tertiary alkaloid is a selective, competitive and reversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. In addition, galantamine enhances the intrinsic action of acetylcholine on nicotinic receptors, probably through binding to an allosteric site of the receptor. As a consequence, an increased activity in the cholinergic system associated with improved cognitive function can be achieved in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type.



Clinical studies



Galantamine was originally developed in the form of immediate-release tablets for twice-daily administration. The dosages of galantamine effective in these placebo-controlled clinical trials with a duration of 5 to 6 months were 16, 24 and 32 mg/day. Of these doses 16 and 24 mg/day were determined to have the best benefit/risk relationship and are the recommended maintenance doses. The efficacy of galantamine has been shown using outcome measures which evaluate the three major symptom complexes of the disease and a global scale: the ADAS-cog/11 (a performance based measure of cognition), DAD and ADCS-ADL-Inventory (measurements of basic and instrumental Activities of Daily Living), the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (a scale that measures behavioural disturbances) and the CIBIC-plus (a global assessment by an independent physician based on a clinical interview with the patient and caregiver).



Composite Responder Analysis Based on at Least 4 Points Improvement in ADAS-cog/11 Compared to Baseline and CIBIC-plus Unchanged + Improved (1-4), and DAD/ADL Score Unchanged + Improved. See Table below.











































































































































Treatment




At least 4 points improvement from baseline in ADAS-cog/11 and CIBIC-plus Unchanged + Improved


       


Change in DAD




Change in ADCS/ADL


       


n




n(%) of responder




Comparison with placebo




n




n(%) of responder




Comparison with placebo


   


Diff



(95% CI)




p+




Diff



(95% CI)




p-value+


     


Classical ITT*


        


Placebo




422




21 (5.0)




-




-




273




18 (6.6)




-




-




Gal 16 mg/d




-




-




-




-




266




39 (14.7)




8.1 (3.13)




0.003




Gal 24 mg/d




424




60 (14.2)




9.2 (5.13)




<0.001




262




40 (15.3)




8.7 (3.14)




0.002




Traditional LOCF#


        


Placebo




412




23 (5.6)




-




-




261




17 (6.5)




-




-




Gal 16 mg/d




-




-




-




-




253




36 (14.2)




7.7 (2.13)




0.005




Gal 24 mg/d




399




58 (14.5)




8.9 (5.13)




<0.001




253




40 (15.8)




9.3 (4.15)




0.001




* ITT: Intent To Treat


        


+ CMH test to difference from placebo


        


# LOCF: Last Observation Carried Forward


        


The efficacy of galantamine prolonged-release capsules was studied in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, GAL-INT-10, using a 4-week dose escalation, flexible dosing regimen of 16 or 24 mg/day for a treatment duration of 6 months. Galantamine immediate-release tablets (Gal-IR) were added as a positive control arm. Efficacy was evaluated using the ADAS-cog/11 and the CIBIC-plus scores as co-primary efficacy criteria, and ADCS-ADL and NPI scores as secondary end-points. Galantamine prolonged-release capsules (Gal-PR) demonstrated statistically significant improvements in the ADAS-cog/11 score compared to placebo, but were not statistically different in the CIBIC-plus score compared to placebo. The results of the ADCS-ADL score were statistically significantly better compared to placebo at week 26.



Composite Responder Analysis at Week 26 Based on at Least 4 Points Improvement from Baseline in ADAS-cog/11, Total ADL Score Unchanged + Improved (0) and No Worsening in CIBIC-plus Score (1-4). See Table below.
























GAL




Placebo



(n=245)




GAL#



(n=225)




GAL-PR*



(n=238)




p



(GAL




Composite response: n (%)




20 (8.2)




43 (19.1)




38 (16.0)




0.008




# Immediate-release tablets


    


* Prolonged-release capsules


    


The result of a 26-week double-blind placebo-controlled trial, in which patients with vascular dementia and patients with Alzheimer´s disease and concomitant cerebrovascular disease (“mixed dementia”) were included, indicate that the symptomatic effect of galantamine is maintained in patients with Alzheimer´s disease and concomitant cerebrovascular disease (see section 4.4, Nervous system disorders). In a post-hoc subgroup analysis, no statistically significant effect was observed in the subgroup of patients with vascular dementia alone.



In a second 26-week placebo-controlled trial in patients with probable vascular dementia, no clinical benefit of galantamine treatment was demonstrated.



5.2 Pharmacokinetic Properties



Galantamine is an alkalinic compound with one ionisation constant (pKa 8.2). It is slightly lipophilic and has a partition coefficient (Log P) between n-octanol/buffer solution (pH 12) of 1.09. The solubility in water (pH 6) is 31 mg/ml. Galantamine has three chiral centres. The S, R, S-form is the naturally occurring form. Galantamine is partially metabolised by various cytochromes, mainly CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. Some of the metabolites formed during the degradation of galantamine have been shown to be active in vitro but are of no importance in vivo.



General characteristics of galantamine



Absorption



The absolute bioavailability of galantamine is high, 88.5 ± 5.4%. Galantamine prolonged-release capsules are bioequivalent to the twice-daily immediate-release tablets with respect to AUC24h and Cmin. The Cmax value is reached after 4.4 hours and is about 24% lower than that of the tablet. Food has no significant effect on AUC of the prolonged-release capsules. Cmax was increased by about 12% and tmax increased by about 30 minutes when the capsule was given after food. However, these changes are unlikely to be clinically significant.



Distribution



The mean volume of distribution is 175 l. Plasma protein binding is low, 18%.



Metabolism



Up to 75% of galantamine dosed is eliminated via metabolism. In vitro studies indicate that CYP2D6 is involved in the formation of O-desmethylgalantamine and CYP3A4 is involved in the formation of N-oxide-galantamine. The levels of excretion of total radioactivity in urine and faeces were not different between poor and extensive CYP2D6 metabolisers. In plasma from poor and extensive metabolisers, unchanged galantamine and its glucuronide accounted for most of the sample radioactivity. None of the active metabolites of galantamine (norgalantamine, O-desmethylgalantamine and O-desmethyl-norgalantamine) could be detected in their unconjugated form in plasma from poor and extensive metabolisers after single dosing. Norgalantamine was detectable in plasma from patients after multiple dosing, but did not represent more than 10% of the galantamine levels. In vitro studies indicated that the inhibition potential of galantamine with respect to the major forms of human cytochrome P450 is very low.



Elimination



Galantamine plasma concentration declines bi-exponentially, with a terminal half-life around 8-10 hours in healthy subjects. Typical oral clearance in the target population is about 200 ml/min with intersubject variability of 30% as derived from the population analysis of immediate-release tablets. Seven days after a single oral dose of 4 mg ³H-galantamine, 90



Dose-linearity



Galantamine pharmacokinetics of prolonged-release capsules are dose proportional within the studied dose range of 8 mg to 24 mg once-daily in elderly and young age groups.



Characteristics in patients



Data from clinical trials in patients indicate that the plasma concentrations of galantamine in patients with Alzheimer's disease are 30% to 40% higher than in healthy young subjects primarily due to the advanced age and reduced kidney function. Based upon the population pharmacokinetic analysis, clearance in female subjects is 20% lower as compared to males. The galantamine clearance in poor metabolisers of CYP2D6 is about 25% lower than in extensive metabolisers, but no bimodality in the population is observed. Therefore, the metabolic status of the patient is not considered to be of clinical relevance in the overall population.



The pharmacokinetics of galantamine in subjects with mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh score of 5 to 6) were comparable to those in healthy subjects. In patients with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh score of 7 to 9), AUC and half-life of galantamine were increased by about 30% (see section 4.2).



Elimination of galantamine decreases with decreasing creatinine clearance as observed in a study with renaly impaired subjects. Compared to Alzheimer patients, peak and trough plasma concentrations are not increased in patients with a creatinine clearance



Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship



No apparent correlation between average plasma concentrations and efficacy parameters (i.e., change in ADAS-cog/11 and CIBIC-plus at month 6) were observed in the large Phase III trials with a dose-regimen of 12 and 16 mg twice-daily.



Plasma concentrations in patients experiencing syncope were within the same range as in the other patients at the same dose.



The occurrence of nausea is shown to correlate with higher peak plasma concentrations (see section 4.5).



5.3 Preclinical Safety Data



Non-clinical data suggest no special hazard for humans based on conventional studies of safety pharmacology, repeated dose toxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenic potential.



Reproduction toxicity studies showed a slight delay in development in rats and rabbits, at doses that are below the threshold of toxicity in the pregnant females.



6. Pharmaceutical Particulars



6.1 List Of Excipients



Prolonged-release tablet core:



Sodium laurilsulfate



Ammonio methacrylate copolymer (type B)



Hypromellose



Carbomers



Hydroxypropylcellulose



Magnesium stearate



Talc



Ccapsule shell:



Gelatin



Titanium dioxide (E171)



Black ink:



Shellac



Propylene glycol



Ammonia solution, concentrated



Iron oxide, black (E172)



Potassium hydroxide



6.2 Incompatibilities



Not applicable.



6.3 Shelf Life



2 years



6.4 Special Precautions For Storage



Do not store above 30°C. Store in the original package in order to protect from moisture.



6.5 Nature And Contents Of Container



Blister (OPA/Al/PVC+Al or PVC/PE/PVDC+Al): 10, 14, 28, 30, 56, 60, 84, 90 and 100 prolonged-release capsules, hard, in a carton.



Not all pack sizes may be marketed.



6.6 Special Precautions For Disposal And Other Handling



No special requirements.



7. Marketing Authorisation Holder



KRKA, d.d., Novo mesto, Šmarješka cesta 6, 8501 Novo mesto, Slovenia



8. Marketing Authorisation Number(S)



PL 01656/0129



9. Date Of First Authorisation/Renewal Of The Authorisation



11/05/2011



10. Date Of Revision Of The Text



11/05/2011




Tuesday, 1 May 2012

ulipristal acetate


ue-li-PRIS-tal AS-e-tate


Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.


  • Ella

Available Dosage Forms:


  • Tablet

Therapeutic Class: Contraceptive


Uses For ulipristal acetate


Ulipristal is an emergency contraceptive that is used to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex or after failure of another birth control method. It works by preventing or delaying the release of a woman's egg from the ovary (ovulation). It may also prevent the attachment of the woman's egg to the wall of the uterus (womb).


ulipristal acetate should not be used as a regular birth control method. Discuss your options for birth control with your doctor.


ulipristal acetate is available only with your doctor's prescription.


Before Using ulipristal acetate


In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For ulipristal acetate, the following should be considered:


Allergies


Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to ulipristal acetate or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.


Pediatric


Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated pediatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of ulipristal in teenage females. ulipristal acetate may be used as an emergency contraceptive in teenage females but is not recommended before the start of menstruation.


Geriatric


Ulipristal should not be used in postmenopausal women.


Pregnancy








Pregnancy CategoryExplanation
All TrimestersXStudies in animals or pregnant women have demonstrated positive evidence of fetal abnormalities. This drug should not be used in women who are or may become pregnant because the risk clearly outweighs any possible benefit.

Breast Feeding


There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding.


Interactions with Medicines


Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. Tell your healthcare professional if you are taking any other prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicine.


Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol


Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.


Proper Use of ulipristal acetate


To make using emergency contraceptives as safe and reliable as possible, you should understand how and when to use them and what effects may be expected.


ulipristal acetate comes with a patient information leaflet. Read and follow the instructions carefully. Ask your doctor if you have any questions.


Use ulipristal acetate exactly as directed by your doctor. ulipristal acetate is for occasional use as an emergency birth control. It should not replace your regular birth control method. You may use ulipristal acetate at any time during your monthly period, but do not use ulipristal acetate more than one time in the same monthly period.


You may take ulipristal acetate with or without food.


If you vomit within 3 hours of taking ulipristal acetate, call your doctor right away. Your doctor may prescribe another tablet for you.


Dosing


The dose of ulipristal acetate will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of ulipristal acetate. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.


The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.


  • For oral dosage form (tablets):
    • For emergency contraception:
      • Adults—One tablet as soon as possible within 5 days (120 hours) after unprotected sex or after failure of another birth control method.

      • Children—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.



Storage


Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.


Keep out of the reach of children.


Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.


Ask your healthcare professional how you should dispose of any medicine you do not use.


Precautions While Using ulipristal acetate


It is very important that your doctor check you closely to make sure ulipristal acetate is working properly and does not cause unwanted effects.


Although you are using ulipristal acetate to prevent pregnancy, you should know that using ulipristal acetate while you are pregnant could harm the unborn baby. Your doctor may give you a pregnancy test before you start using ulipristal acetate to make sure you are not pregnant. If you think you have become pregnant while using the medicine, tell your doctor right away.


ulipristal acetate is not recommended in breastfeeding women.


Call your doctor right away if you have severe lower abdominal or stomach pain 3 to 5 weeks after taking ulipristal acetate. You may have a pregnancy outside of the uterus (womb), which is called an ectopic pregnancy. An ectopic pregnancy can be a serious and life-threatening condition. It can also cause problems that may make it harder for you to become pregnant in the future.


ulipristal acetate may make your next monthly period earlier or later than expected by a few days. If your next period after taking ulipristal acetate is more than 1 week late, check with your doctor right away for a pregnancy test.


Your regular birth control method such as birth control pills or patch may not work as well while you are using ulipristal acetate. After using ulipristal acetate, you must use two forms of birth control. Use birth control pills or patch together with another form of birth control, such as a condom, diaphragm, or contraceptive foam or jelly, during any other times that you have sex in the same monthly period you used ulipristal acetate.


ulipristal acetate may not work as well in women with a body mass index (BMI) of more than 66 pounds per square meter.


ulipristal acetate will not protect you from getting HIV/AIDS or other sexually transmitted diseases. If this is a concern for you, talk with your doctor.


Do not take other medicines unless they have been discussed with your doctor. This includes prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicines and herbal (e.g., St. John's wort) or vitamin supplements.


ulipristal acetate Side Effects


Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.


Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:


More common
  • Cramps

  • heavy bleeding

  • pain

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:


More common
  • Abdominal or stomach pain

  • headache

  • nausea

  • unusual tiredness or weakness

Less common
  • Dizziness

Incidence not known
  • Blemishes on the skin

  • pimples

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.


Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

See also: ulipristal acetate side effects (in more detail)



The information contained in the Thomson Reuters Micromedex products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.


The use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products is at your sole risk. These products are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. Thomson Reuters Healthcare and Drugs.com make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the products. Additionally, THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE OPINIONS OR OTHER SERVICE OR DATA YOU MAY ACCESS, DOWNLOAD OR USE AS A RESULT OF USE OF THE THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Thomson Reuters Healthcare does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products.


More ulipristal acetate resources


  • Ulipristal acetate Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Ulipristal acetate Dosage
  • Ulipristal acetate Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Ulipristal acetate Drug Interactions
  • Ulipristal acetate Support Group
  • 1 Review for Ulipristal acetate - Add your own review/rating


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